Periscope (submarine)

A periscope on a submarine is a specialized optical device that allows the crew to see above the water's surface while remaining submerged. It typically consists of a tube with lenses and mirrors arranged to reflect light from above the surface down to the viewer’s eye. Modern periscopes often incorporate advanced sensors, cameras, and electronics for enhanced surveillance, communication, and navigation. This allows submarines to observe their environment, monitor ships or hazards, and gather intelligence without surfacing, maintaining stealth and safety during operations.