periodic lattice

A periodic lattice is a repeating, ordered three-dimensional arrangement of points or atoms in a material. Imagine a pattern that extends uniformly in all directions, like a crystal grid, where each point has a specific position relative to its neighbors. This regular structure gives materials unique properties, such as strength or conductivity, because of the consistent arrangement of their building blocks. The repeating pattern is fundamental to understanding the material's symmetry and how it interacts with light, heat, and other physical forces.