peptic ulcers

Peptic ulcers are sores that develop on the inner lining of the stomach or the upper part of the small intestine due to damage from stomach acid. They often cause symptoms like burning pain, indigestion, and nausea. Common causes include infection with the bacteria Helicobacter pylori or prolonged use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). If untreated, ulcers can lead to complications like bleeding or perforation. Diagnosis typically involves endoscopy or testing for H. pylori, and treatment includes medications to reduce acid and eradicate the bacteria, along with lifestyle adjustments to promote healing.