penile dynamics

Penile dynamics refer to the processes involved in achieving and maintaining an erection. When sexually aroused, the brain signals nerves to relax muscle tissue in the penis, allowing increased blood flow through open arteries. This blood fills the spongy chambers (corpora cavernosa), causing the penis to swell and become firm. Simultaneously, veins that normally drain blood out constrict, helping sustain the erection. After climax or arousal subsides, muscles contract, blood flow decreases, and the penis returns to its flaccid state. These processes depend on a complex interplay of psychological, neurological, hormonal, and vascular factors.