penicillin resistance

Penicillin resistance occurs when bacteria evolve ways to survive despite the presence of the antibiotic penicillin, which traditionally kills or stops their growth. They develop these defenses through genetic changes, such as producing enzymes that break down penicillin or altering their structures so the drug can't bind effectively. As a result, infections caused by resistant bacteria become harder to treat, requiring alternative medications. This resistance develops through overuse and misuse of antibiotics, emphasizing the importance of using these drugs responsibly to maintain their effectiveness.