Penelope Maddy

Penelope Maddy is a philosopher and mathematician who studies the foundations of mathematics—how mathematical truths are established and what they depend on. She explores questions about the nature of mathematical objects, like numbers and sets, and whether they exist independently or are human constructs. Maddy's work helps clarify how mathematical knowledge is possible and examines the philosophical assumptions behind different mathematical frameworks. Her contributions bridge philosophy and mathematics, offering insights into how we understand the abstract structures that underpin mathematical reasoning.