Pearson's correlation coefficient

Pearson's correlation coefficient is a statistical measure that quantifies the strength and direction of the linear relationship between two variables. It ranges from -1 to 1: a value close to 1 indicates a strong positive relationship (as one variable increases, so does the other), a value close to -1 indicates a strong negative relationship (as one increases, the other decreases), and a value near 0 suggests little to no linear connection. It's often used to understand how closely related two factors are, such as hours studied and exam scores.