Patients (e.g., H.M.)

Patients like H.M. are individuals who have experienced specific brain injuries or surgeries that affect memory and cognition. H.M., in particular, underwent brain surgery to treat epilepsy, which resulted in the loss of the ability to form new long-term memories. Studying such patients helps scientists understand how different parts of the brain contribute to memory, learning, and other functions. These cases reveal that while some areas are crucial for creating new memories, others support different mental processes, providing valuable insights into brain organization and function.