Pathophysiology of Diabetes

Diabetes is a condition where the body has trouble managing blood sugar levels. Normally, the hormone insulin helps cells absorb sugar from the blood for energy or storage. In diabetes, either the body doesn't produce enough insulin or the cells don't respond properly to it (insulin resistance). This causes sugar to build up in the blood, which can lead to symptoms like fatigue, frequent urination, and increased thirst. Over time, high blood sugar can damage organs, nerves, and blood vessels. Managing diabetes involves controlling blood sugar through medication, diet, and lifestyle to prevent complications.