Pathogenesis of Arthritis

Arthritis involves inflammation of the joints caused by damage to joint tissues, including cartilage, bone, and surrounding tissues. This damage can result from the immune system attacking the joint (autoimmune arthritis), wear and tear (osteoarthritis), or other factors like infection. The immune response or mechanical stress leads to the release of chemicals that cause swelling, pain, and stiffness. Over time, this process degrades cartilage and bone, impairing joint function. The specific triggers and progression vary depending on the type of arthritis, but the common feature is joint tissue damage and inflammation that cause discomfort and reduced mobility.