Patched (PTCH)

Patched (PTCH) is a gene that encodes a receptor protein involved in regulating cell growth and development through the Hedgehog signaling pathway. It acts as a monitor or gatekeeper, controlling when cells should divide and grow. When the pathway is in check, PTCH inhibits another protein called Smoothened (SMO), preventing unnecessary cell division. If PTCH is mutated or malfunctioning, it can lead to unchecked cell growth, increasing the risk of cancers such as basal cell carcinoma. Essentially, PTCH helps maintain normal cell behavior by responding to signals that guide proper tissue development.