Pasteur effect

The Pasteur effect describes how cells reduce their switch from fermentation to oxygen-based (aerobic) respiration when oxygen levels are low. Under normal oxygen conditions, cells prefer efficient energy production via respiration, which uses oxygen. However, in low oxygen, they shift to fermentation, a less efficient process that produces less energy but allows survival when oxygen is scarce. This phenomenon highlights how cells adapt their energy-generating methods based on oxygen availability, balancing efficiency and survival in different environments.