Particle-wave duality

Particle-wave duality is a concept in quantum physics describing how tiny particles, like electrons and photons, can behave both as discrete particles and as waves. Depending on how we observe them, these entities can exhibit particle-like properties—localized and distinct—or wave-like properties—spread out and capable of interference. This duality shows that at the quantum level, the nature of matter and energy is more complex than our everyday experience suggests, with particles and waves being different aspects of the same underlying reality. It reveals the fundamental, dual character of the universe at microscopic scales.