particle transport

Particle transport refers to the movement of tiny particles—such as atoms, molecules, or suspended solids—within a medium like air, water, or a solid material. This process occurs through mechanisms like diffusion (particles spreading out due to concentration differences), convection (movement with bulk flow of the medium), and advection (transport by flow), as well as by external forces such as gravity or electrical fields. Understanding particle transport helps us predict how pollutants disperse in the environment, how nutrients circulate in ecosystems, or how pollutants reach targeted areas in various engineered systems.