Paradoxes of self-reference

Paradoxes of self-reference occur when a statement or situation refers back to itself in a way that creates a contradiction or an unexpected result. For example, the "liar paradox" asks, "This statement is false." If it's true, then it's false; if it's false, then it's true. Such paradoxes reveal problems in understanding truth, language, and logic, highlighting how self-reference can lead to confusing or contradictory outcomes. They challenge our notions of consistency and help us explore the limits of formal systems and reasoning.