Paradigm shift (Thomas Kuhn)

A paradigm shift, as described by Thomas Kuhn, refers to a fundamental change in the underlying framework or assumptions within a scientific field. It occurs when existing theories and methods no longer adequately explain new observations, leading to the adoption of a new, more comprehensive approach. This shift transforms how scientists understand and investigate their domain, often revolutionizing the field. For example, the shift from Newtonian physics to Einstein's relativity was a paradigm shift, changing foundational concepts about space and time. Such shifts are not just incremental; they represent a profound change in the worldview within the discipline.