Papal estates

Papal estates refer to lands and properties controlled by the Pope, primarily in Italy, that generate revenue for the Holy See. Historically, these estates helped fund the Vatican's activities, religious missions, and charitable work. Today, they include farms, vineyards, and real estate holdings. Although the Vatican City itself is a sovereign state, the papal estates are separate property, often managed by the Vatican's financial and administrative offices. They serve both spiritual and economic functions, supporting the church's operations worldwide and maintaining its historical and cultural heritage.