panel studies

Panel studies are research methods where the same group of people (called a panel) is surveyed or studied multiple times over a period. This approach helps researchers track changes in opinions, behaviors, or attitudes within the same individuals, providing insights into how things evolve over time. For example, a panel study might survey voters before and after an election to see how their views shift. It allows for understanding cause-and-effect relationships better than one-time surveys, as it measures change within the same individuals rather than comparing different groups at each point.