Panarchy Theory

Panarchy Theory explains how ecosystems and human systems are interconnected through cycles of growth, collapse, and renewal. It suggests that systems operate at different scales—small local areas and large global ones—and their health depends on balancing stability with adaptability. When small, manageable changes happen, systems can bounce back and innovate; but if larger systems become too rigid or fragmented, they risk collapse. The theory highlights the importance of diversity and resilience, showing that adapting and learning across scales enables systems to survive, evolve, and thrive amid change.