Pan-African Orogeny

The Pan-African Orogeny was a major geological event around 600 million years ago that involved the collision and union of several ancient landmasses, creating large mountain ranges across Africa and other continents. This process shaped much of the continental crust in Africa, India, South America, and other regions, forming part of the supercontinent Gondwana. It was driven by tectonic plate movements and helped assemble continents into a single landmass. The orogeny also contributed to the formation of valuable mineral deposits and influenced the Earth's geological history by restructuring the Earth's crust in these regions.