P53 (Tumor Suppressor Gene)

p53 is a gene that produces a protein acting as a tumor suppressor, often called the "guardian of the genome." Its primary role is to monitor DNA for damage and help fix errors or trigger cell death if the damage is too severe. This prevents abnormal cells from dividing and turning into cancer. When p53 functions properly, it is a crucial defense against tumor development. However, mutations in the p53 gene can impair this protective role, allowing damaged cells to grow uncontrollably and increasing the risk of cancer.