P3s (public-private partnerships)

Public-private partnerships (PPPs or P3s) are collaborations where government sides partner with private companies to deliver infrastructure or services. The public sector provides oversight and funding, while the private sector brings expertise, efficiency, and investment. Together, they share the risks, costs, and benefits of projects like roads, hospitals, or schools. P3s aim to improve quality, speed up delivery, and reduce costs by leveraging private sector innovation, while ensuring the public interest is protected through agreements and regulations. This approach helps governments fund large projects without bearing the entire financial burden upfront.