p16

p16 is a protein that helps regulate cell growth and prevent abnormal cell division, acting as a natural tumor suppressor. It works by blocking a pathway (called the cell cycle) that leads cells to divide and multiply. When p16 is functioning properly, it can prevent the development of cancer by stopping cells from dividing uncontrollably. However, in some cancers, the p16 gene is turned off or lost, allowing cells to grow unchecked. Testing for p16 levels can help identify certain cancers, such as HPV-related or head and neck cancers, and guide treatment decisions.