P. L. Kapitsa

Pyotr Leonidovich Kapitsa was a renowned Russian physicist known for his work in low-temperature physics and superfluidity. He discovered that liquid helium becomes a superfluid—that is, it flows without viscosity—at very low temperatures, revolutionizing understanding of quantum phenomena. Kapitsa also contributed to developing powerful magnetic resonance techniques and sophisticated cryogenic technology. Throughout his career, he received numerous awards, including the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1978. His research significantly advanced the study of quantum fluids and helped bridge fundamental physics with practical applications.