Oxygen Minimum Zones (OMZ)

Oxygen Minimum Zones (OMZs) are layers in the ocean where oxygen levels are very low. They typically occur at depths of about 200 to 1,000 meters due to high microbial activity consuming oxygen and limited mixing with oxygen-rich surface waters. These zones affect marine life, making it difficult for many fish and other animals to survive. OMZs are naturally occurring but can become larger or more intense due to climate change and increased nutrient runoff, which boost bacteria and oxygen use. Understanding OMZs is important for predicting impacts on ocean ecosystems and fisheries.