Outer core

The outer core is a layer of extremely hot, liquid metal that surrounds the Earth's inner core, located beneath the mantle. Composed mainly of iron and nickel, it extends from about 2,900 to 5,150 kilometers beneath the Earth's surface. Its fluid nature allows for convection currents, which generate Earth's magnetic field. The outer core's heat and movement are vital for maintaining the planet’s magnetic shield, protecting us from harmful solar radiation. Despite being inaccessible directly, scientists learn about the outer core through seismic wave studies and its effects on Earth's magnetic behavior.