Ottoman Empire reform movements

Ottoman Empire reform movements were efforts from the 19th century onward aimed at modernizing the empire's political, military, and administrative systems to strengthen its stability and competitiveness. Influenced by European innovations, these reforms included establishing new laws, creating a more centralized government, modernizing the military, and promoting education. Key initiatives like the Tanzimat reforms (1839-1876) sought to equalize citizens' rights and modernize infrastructure. While intended to preserve the empire amid internal strife and external pressures, these reforms faced resistance and limited success, ultimately contributing to the empire's gradual transition but not preventing its decline and dissolution after World War I.