Ottoman administrative system

The Ottoman administrative system was hierarchical and centralized, with the Sultan at the top, serving as both ruler and lawmaker. Beneath him, the empire was divided into provinces called eyalets or vilayets, each overseen by a governor (Beylerbey or vali). These governors reported directly to the Sultan and managed local affairs, including justice and tax collection. The empire also used a system of councils and officials, such as judges (kadı), to ensure governance and legal consistency. This structure allowed the Ottomans to efficiently manage a vast and diverse empire, maintaining control over extensive territories for centuries.