Orthorhombic unit cell

An orthorhombic unit cell is a basic building block of a crystal's structure, characterized by three mutually perpendicular axes that are all of different lengths. Imagine a box where the sides (a, b, and c) meet at right angles but aren’t equal in size. This arrangement creates a repeating, organized pattern in three dimensions, giving the crystal its shape and properties. The orthorhombic system is one of several ways atoms can be arranged in a crystal, distinguished mainly by its rectangular, but not cubic, symmetry.