Orthography

Orthography is the standardized way a language is written, encompassing the rules for spelling, hyphenation, capitalization, punctuation, and other conventions. It ensures consistent and clear communication by guiding how words and sentences are represented on the page or screen. For example, orthography defines when to use uppercase letters, how to spell words correctly, and where to place commas. Essentially, it serves as a set of guidelines that help all writers produce text that others can easily read and understand within a language community.