Orthogonalization

Orthogonalization is a mathematical process used to make a set of vectors (quantities with direction and magnitude) mutually independent, meaning they don’t share any overlapping information. It adjusts the vectors so that they are at right angles (orthogonal) to each other. Imagine aligning different roads so they cross at perfect right angles, preventing any confusion or overlap. This process simplifies complex systems, like data analysis or signal processing, by ensuring each component contributes unique information without redundancy, making it easier to analyze, interpret, or manipulate the data.