Orthogonality

Orthogonality refers to the concept of independence or lack of interference between two vectors or functions, meaning they do not influence each other. In geometric terms, orthogonal vectors are at right angles (90°) to each other, indicating no overlap in their directions. In fields like mathematics, physics, or signal processing, this idea helps identify components that are unrelated or separable. For example, two signals are orthogonal if they do not interfere, allowing them to be distinguished and processed separately. This concept ensures that the components or features remain distinct and unaffected by one another.