Orthogonal design

Orthogonal design refers to a systematic way of arranging experiments or designs so that different factors (variables) vary independently of each other. This means that the effects of one factor can be measured without interference from others, making it easier to analyze and interpret results. Essentially, it ensures that the data collected are balanced and unbiased, allowing for clear assessment of each factor's impact. Think of it as organizing experiments so that each variable's effect can be isolated and understood accurately, leading to more reliable and efficient conclusions in research or testing.