optogenetic tools

Optogenetic tools are techniques that use light to control specific cells in living tissue, especially neurons. Scientists genetically modify target cells to produce light-sensitive proteins called opsins. When exposed to particular wavelengths of light, these proteins can activate or inhibit the cells’ activity. This allows precise control and study of cell functions and neural circuits in real time, aiding research into brain behavior and potential treatments for neurological disorders. In essence, optogenetics combines genetics and optics to turn cells on or off with light, offering a powerful way to understand and influence complex biological systems.