Optimal Transport Theory

Optimal Transport Theory is a mathematical framework that studies the most efficient way to move and distribute resources or data from one arrangement to another. Imagine wanting to reshape a pile of clay into a new form with minimal effort—this theory finds the best way to do so by calculating the least costly routes for moving parts. It has applications in logistics, economics, image processing, and machine learning, helping to solve problems where moving, matching, or transforming data or objects efficiently is essential.