optical solitons

Optical solitons are special light pulses that travel through a fiber optic cable without changing shape or losing strength. Normally, light pulses tend to spread out or weaken over distance, but solitons maintain their form thanks to a balance between the fiber's dispersive effects (which spread the pulse) and nonlinear effects (which focus it). This stability allows for reliable, long-distance communication in optical fiber networks, making solitons a key concept in modern telecommunications.