Operads

Operads are mathematical frameworks that describe how complex structures are built from simpler parts. Think of them as a way to organize and understand compositions—like how different building blocks (operations) can be combined sequentially or hierarchically. They specify the rules for connecting these blocks, ensuring consistency and structure in the composition process. Operads are useful in areas such as algebra, topology, and computer science to model systems where operations combine in structured ways, providing a unified language to analyze how parts come together to form more complex entities.