Open-cast Mining

Open-cast mining, also known as surface mining, involves extracting minerals or rocks from the Earth's surface by removing large areas of soil and rock. It is typically used for minerals close to the surface, such as coal or limestone. The process includes drilling, blasting, and excavation with heavy machinery, creating open pits or large scars on the landscape. This method is cost-effective and allows for the removal of large quantities of material quickly. However, it can significantly impact the environment, causing habitat destruction, erosion, and visual changes to the landscape.