OOP (Object-Oriented Programming) Principles

Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) organizes software using "objects" that represent entities with properties (attributes) and actions (methods). Think of objects as real-world things like a car or a person—each with features and behaviors. OOP's core principles are: **Encapsulation** (hiding complex details behind simple interfaces), **Inheritance** (creating new objects based on existing ones to reuse code), **Polymorphism** (using a single interface to handle different object types), and **Abstraction** (focusing on essential features while hiding unnecessary details). These principles make software more manageable, reusable, and adaptable.