one-time pad

A one-time pad is a method of encryption that guarantees perfect secrecy by combining a message with a random key that is as long as the message itself. Each part of the message is mixed with a corresponding part of the key using a simple operation, like XOR. Because the key is completely random, used only once, and kept secret, the encrypted message reveals no information without the key. Once the message is decrypted with the same key, the original message is recovered perfectly. It’s considered unbreakable if used correctly, but practical challenges include key generation, distribution, and management.