on sense and reference

Sense and reference are concepts in language that help explain meaning. "Sense" refers to the idea or way of understanding a word or phrase—the mental concept or context it conveys. "Reference" is about the actual object, person, or thing that the word points to or denotes in the real world. For example, the sense of "morning star" is the idea of a bright object seen in the sky at dawn, while its reference is the planet Venus. Together, sense and reference help us understand how language connects words to ideas and objects in our world.