oil supply chain

The oil supply chain begins with exploration and extraction, where companies locate and drill for underground or underwater oil deposits. The crude oil is then transported via pipelines, ships, or rail to refineries, where it is processed into gasoline, diesel, jet fuel, and other products. These refined products are distributed through pipelines, trucks, and storage facilities to reach gas stations, industries, and consumers. Throughout, logistics, quality control, and market dynamics influence availability and prices. This complex network ensures that oil sourced from nature efficiently reaches end-users for energy, transportation, heating, and manufacturing needs.