oil refineries

Oil refineries are industrial facilities that transform crude oil—raw, unprocessed petroleum—into useful products like gasoline, diesel, jet fuel, and heating oil. The refining process involves several steps: separating different hydrocarbons through distillation, then refining those components with chemical processes such as cracking and catalytic conversion to improve quality and produce specific fuels. Refineries also remove impurities, ensuring the final products meet regulatory standards. This complex operation enables the diverse array of fuels and materials essential for transportation, industry, and daily life to be produced efficiently and safely from raw oil.