Offensive and Defensive Realism

Offensive and Defensive Realism are concepts in international relations that explain how countries behave for security. Offensive Realism suggests countries are aggressive, seeking to maximize power and dominate others to ensure safety in an anarchic world. Defensive Realism, on the other hand, posits that countries prioritize maintaining their security through cautious actions, fearing that expansion could provoke threats. While both recognize a lack of global authority, offensive realism encourages proactive dominance, whereas defensive realism emphasizes restraint to prevent conflict. Essentially, they differ in whether countries view power as a means to secure themselves or as a potential risk.