Octahedral complex

An octahedral complex is a type of chemical structure where a central metal atom (like iron or cobalt) is surrounded by six surrounding molecules or ions called ligands. These ligands are arranged evenly around the metal, forming the tips of an octahedron—a shape with eight faces, like two pyramids base-to-base. This arrangement allows the metal to bond with all six ligands simultaneously, creating a stable, symmetrical structure. Octahedral complexes are common in coordination chemistry and play essential roles in biological systems and industrial processes.