Ocean salinity

Ocean salinity refers to the concentration of dissolved salts, primarily sodium chloride, in seawater. It is usually measured in parts per thousand (ppt) or practical salinity units (psu). Salinity affects seawater's density, circulation, and climate patterns. It varies due to factors such as rainfall, freshwater inflow from rivers, evaporation, and ice formation. Typical ocean salinity ranges from about 33 to 37 ppt. Stable salinity levels are crucial for marine life, as many species thrive within specific ranges. Understanding salinity helps scientists study ocean processes, climate change effects, and the health of marine ecosystems.