ocean cartography

Ocean cartography is the science of mapping the underwater terrain and features of Earth's oceans. It involves assessing depths, seafloor topography, and underwater structures using techniques like sonar, satellite imagery, and ship-based surveys. These maps help in navigation, planning maritime activities, understanding marine habitats, and supporting scientific research. Accurate ocean maps are essential for safe shipping routes, undersea cable placement, resource exploration, and studying climate change impacts. Overall, ocean cartography provides a detailed, dynamic picture of the submerged world, enabling better management and protection of ocean ecosystems.