observational study design

An observational study is a research method where scientists observe and record information about people or groups without intervening or changing their environment. Instead of testing specific treatments or actions, they simply watch how variables, like behaviors or conditions, naturally occur. This approach helps identify patterns, relationships, or associations but cannot definitively prove cause-and-effect because other factors might influence outcomes. Observational studies are useful for studying real-world situations where experimental manipulation isn't practical or ethical, providing valuable insights while respecting natural behaviors and conditions.