nucleophilic substitutions

Nucleophilic substitution is a chemical process where a molecule (called a substrate) is transformed as a part of an atom or group (the leaving group) is replaced by a nucleophile—a particle that is attracted to positively charged areas. Think of it as a “guest” (nucleophile) swapping places with a “host” (leaving group) attached to a molecule. This reaction helps form new compounds and is fundamental in organic chemistry. The process depends on the stability of the leaving group and the willingness of the nucleophile to bond with the substrate.