Nucleic acid

Nucleic acids are molecules that carry genetic information crucial for life. There are two main types: DNA and RNA. DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) holds the instructions for building and maintaining an organism, while RNA (ribonucleic acid) helps interpret and execute those instructions. These molecules are made up of smaller building blocks called nucleotides, which consist of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base. The sequence of these bases encodes genetic information, allowing cells to grow, reproduce, and perform their functions. Nucleic acids are essential for inheritance, development, and biological regulation.